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Low-temperature cracking : test selection / by Jung, D. H.; Vinson, Ted S.(CARDINAL)325414; Oregon State University.Department of Civil Engineering.(CARDINAL)325413; Strategic Highway Research Program (U.S.)(CARDINAL)298325;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-97).Introduction -- Review of test systems and methods to evaluate thermal cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures -- Development of a thermal stress restrained specimen test system -- Experiment design -- Test results -- Analysis of test results -- Fundamental properties of asphalt cement -- Conclusions and recommendations -- References -- Appendix A: Results of TSRST.This report describes the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST), which was selected to evaluate the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures. The TSRST system includes a load frame, step-motor-driven load ram, data acquisition hardware and software, temperature controller, and specimen alignment stand. An experiment design that considered a range of mixture and test condition variables was developed to evaluate the suitability of TSRST for characterizing low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures. Four asphalts and two aggregates were selected for the experiment. The mixture variables included asphalt type, aggregate type, and air voids content; the test condition variables included specimen size, stress relaxation, aging, and cooling rate.Performed under contract no.
Subjects: Asphalt concrete; Materials at low temperatures.; Pavements, Asphalt concrete;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Low-temperature cracking : binder validation / by Jung, D. H.; Vinson, Ted S.(CARDINAL)325414; Oregon State University.Department of Civil Engineering.(CARDINAL)325413; Strategic Highway Research Program (U.S.)(CARDINAL)298325;
Includes bibliographical references (page 97).Introduction -- A-002A hypothesis -- Experiment design -- TSRST results for asphalt-aggregate mixture -- Statistical analysis of TSRST results -- Rankings of asphalts and aggregates, and comparison of A-002A and A-003A results -- Conclusions and recommendations -- References -- Appendix A: Results of TSRST.A thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) was developed to determine the thermal, or the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt concrete mixes. The test system is capable of cooling an asphalt concrete specimen at a constant rate, while restraining the specimen from contraction and periodically measuring elapsed time, specimen surface temperature, and tensile load. TSRST's were performed on both short- and long-term aged specimens. Statistical analyses were performed on the test results. Rankings of asphalt concrete mixtures based on fracture temperature were compared to rankings based on fundamental properties of the asphalt cement.Performed under contract no.
Subjects: Asphalt concrete; Materials at low temperatures.; Pavements, Asphalt concrete;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Low-temperature cracking : field validation of the thermal stress restrained specimen test / by Kanerva, Hannele K.; Vinson, Ted S.(CARDINAL)325414; Zeng, Huayang.; Oregon State University.Department of Civil Engineering.(CARDINAL)325413; Strategic Highway Research Program (U.S.)(CARDINAL)298325;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-74).Introduction -- Experiment designs -- Test results -- Conclusions and recommendations -- References -- Appendices.The purpose of the field validation program was to evaluate the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) as the accelerated performance test to predict low-temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures. Construction histories, cracking observations, and temperature data were collected for five test roads. In addition, a validation program was conducted at the United States Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. The laboratory test program consisted of performing the TSRST on specimens fabricated in the laboratory with original materials from the test roads and asphalt concrete pavement specimens cut from the actual test sections. In addition, the field pavements were monitored for crack history and, where possible, crack initiation. TSRST fracture temperature correlated with field cracking temperature and crack frequency. TSRST results can be used to predict field low-temperature cracking of asphalt-aggregate mixtures. Preliminary models to predict cracking frequency and temperature for the test roads were developed.Performed under contract no.
Subjects: Asphalt concrete; Asphalt concrete; Materials at low temperatures.; Pavements, Asphalt concrete;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Asphalt behavior at low service temperatures / by Anderson, D. A.(David A.),1936-(CARDINAL)312078; United States.Federal Highway Administration.(CARDINAL)139839; Pennsylvania Transportation Institute.(CARDINAL)309102;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 311-318).Introduction -- Review of test methods for the measure of asphalt stiffness at low temperatures -- Methods for predicting thermally induced cracking -- Laboratory testing and test results -- Prediction of thermal cracking using selected models and procedures -- Analysis of laboratory data -- Development and evaluation of the bending beam test for asphalt cement -- Summary -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Appendices -- References.Final report;A general review of methods for measuring the stiffness properties of asphalt at temperatures below 77 deg F (25 deg C) is presented. Methods used traditionally for asphalt cement as well as those used in other technologies, such as polymer science, are reviewed. A method that is simple to conduct, suitable for specification use, and suitable for the entire range of stiffness below room temperature was not identified.Performed by the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, for Office of Engineering and Highway Operations R&D, FHWA, under contract no.
Subjects: Technical reports.; Pavements, Asphalt concrete; Pavements, Asphalt; Pavements;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Validation of relationships between specification properties and performance / by Leahy, R. B.(Rita B.)(CARDINAL)325420; Harrigan, Edward T.(CARDINAL)325419; Von Quintus, H. L.(Harold L.)(CARDINAL)310791; Brent Rauhut Engineering, Inc.(CARDINAL)311391; Strategic Highway Research Program (U.S.)(CARDINAL)298325;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-104).This report summarizes the two-stage validation of the proposed binder and mix specifications and tests. Stage 1 addresses the validation of the specifications and tests with laboratory data; Stage 2, with field performance data. The report is divided into four chapters, the first of which outlines the validation process. Chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to Stage 1 and 2 validation, respectively, and include a comprehensive discussion of the laboratory testing undertaken to evaluate asphalt concrete performance in terms of permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking. Chapter 4 addresses the validation testing conducted using modified materials.
Subjects: Asphalt cement.; Binders (Materials); Pavements; Pavements;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Asphalt mixtures containing chemically modified binders / by Stuart, Kevin D.(CARDINAL)286921; United States.Federal Highway Administration.Office of Engineering & Highway Operations Research and Development.(CARDINAL)286896;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).Background -- Objective -- Materials -- Mixture testing program -- Mixture design -- Resistance to rutting -- Resistance to low temperature cracking -- Resistance to moisture damage -- Extraction and recovery -- Summary of the effects of chemically modified binders -- Summary of the findings on the NCHRP AAMAS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Appendices -- References.Final report;The properties of a mixture containing an AC-20 control asphalt binder were compared to mixtures where the binder was modified with either: (1) 1.5 % chromium trioxide (CrO3), (2) 6.0% maleic anhydride (MAH), or (3) 0.75% furfural. Penetration and viscosity data of binders recovered from the four mixtures indicated that the three chemically modified binders should be stiffer at high pavement temperatures and softer at low pavement temperatures compared to the AC-20 control asphalt after mixing and compaction. The primary measurements for evaluating the susceptibility to rutting were the permanent strains from a creep test.Sponsored and performed by Office of Engineering and Highway Operations R&D, Federal Highway Administration. "In-house report." Work unit,
Subjects: Technical reports.; Binders (Materials); Pavements, Asphalt;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Absolute zero [videorecording] / by Dugan, David,producer,director.; Shachtman, Tom,1942-screenwriter.(CARDINAL)136578; Ross, Neil,1944-narrator.; Shachtman, Tom,1942-Absolute zero and the conquest of cold.; Windfall Films (Firm); Meridian Productions, Inc.; Twin Cities Public Television (Saint Paul, Minn.); WGBH (Television station : Boston, Mass.) (CARDINAL)154259; British Broadcasting Corporation.(CARDINAL)143648; WGBH Video (Firm)(CARDINAL)268015; National Science Foundation (U.S.)(CARDINAL)138156;
DVD. Region 1; NTSC, widescreen presentation.Narrator, Neil Ross.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science FoundationNot rated.Presents the history of low-temperature research and the quest for ever-lower notches on the thermometer. The conquest of cold opens with experiments in the 1600s that asked what heat and cold are and whether they are different aspects of the same phenomenon. Shows how the experiments that settled those questions helped stoke the Industrial Revolution. The race for absolute zero dramatizes the rivalry between Scottish researcher James Dewar and Dutch physicist Heike Onnes, who plunged cold science to the forbidding realm at which oxygen and then hydrogen turn into liquids. Shows how the quest continues today as scientists pioneer super-fast computing near absolute zero--the ultimate chill of -459.67⁰ F, where atoms slow to a virtual standstill.
Subjects: Low temperature research.; Low temperatures.; Cold.; Television programs.; Science television programs.; Documentary television programs.; Television adaptations.; Nonfiction television programs.; Video recordings for the hearing impaired.; Video recordings for people with visual disabilities.;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Laboratory evaluation of Verglimit and PlusRide / by Stuart, Kevin D.(CARDINAL)286921; Mogawer, Walaa S.(CARDINAL)286920; United States.Federal Highway Administration.(CARDINAL)139839;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-111).Introduction and objectives -- Literature review -- Experimental program: Phase I -- Evaluation of Verglimit: Phase I -- Evaluation of PlusRide: Phase I -- Evaluation of Verglimit: Phase II -- Evaluation of PlusRide: Phase II -- Structural analysis using vesys-3am -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Appendices -- References.Final report;The effects of two additives, Verglimit and PlusRide, on the laboratory properties of asphalt mixtures, in terms of their resistance to aging, moisture damage, rutting, and low temperature cracking, were determined. These two additives have been used to control the formation of ice on pavements. Field studies have mainly consisted of determining the action of the additives on melting ice and the related change in the number of traffic accidents. The effects of these two additives on laboratory mixture properties were not established in these field studies. Both Verglimit and PlusRide are added directly to the asphalt mixture at the mixing plant.Sponsored and performed by Office of Engineering and Highway Operations R & D, Federal Highway Administration. "In-house report." Work unit
Subjects: Technical reports.; Asphalt; Pavements, Asphalt; Pavements, Asphalt;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Accelerated performance-related tests for asphalt-aggregate mixes and their use in mix design and analysis systems / by ARE Inc.(CARDINAL)320203; Oregon State University.(CARDINAL)325416; Strategic Highway Research Program (U.S.)(CARDINAL)298325; University of California, Berkeley.(CARDINAL)140799;
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-158).Executive summary -- Introduction -- An approach to mix design and analysis -- Accelerated performance-related tests for fatigue properties of asphalt-aggregate mixes -- Accelerated performance-related tests for permanent deformation of asphalt-aggregate mixes -- Accelerated performance-related tests for low-temperature cracking properties of asphalt-aggregate mixes -- Accelerated performance-related tests for aging of asphalt-aggregate mixes -- Accelerated performance-related tests to evaluate water sensitivity of asphalt-aggregate mixes -- References.This report provides a brief summary of the processes that led to the selection of performance-related tests to define asphalt-aggregate interactions that result in fatigue, permanent deformation, thermal cracking, aging, and water sensitivity. Inherent in this test selection process was the emphasis on the ability of the tests to measure fundamental material properties that, when incorporated into prediction models, will depend less on empirical correlations than has been traditionally the case. Also included are the results of validation studies for each of the tests and frameworks for the use of the tests in mix design and analysis. Several levels of design are provided for each distress, some of which incorporate reliability concepts.Performed under contract no.
Subjects: Aggregates (Building materials); Pavements, Asphalt concrete.; Pavements, Asphalt;
Available copies: 1 / Total copies: 1
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Renewable energy made easy : free energy from solar, wind, hydropower, and other alternative energy sources / by Craddock, David,1982-(CARDINAL)492027;
MARCIVE 3/2/12Includes bibliographical references (pages 279-281) and index.Reduce, reuse and renew -- The almost-perfect day -- Problems with fossil fuels -- Renewable energy pros and cons -- The focus of renewable energy made easy -- The potential of solar power -- A history of solar energy -- Windows (not the operating system) -- Solar collectors -- Types of solar energy -- Passive solar -- Interseasonal storage -- Daylighting -- Low temperature alternatives -- Photovoltaic -- Powering Mr. Fusion: biomass as an energy source -- A history of biomass -- The conversion process and its pros and cons -- Methods for improving fuel efficiency -- Crops -- Oily seeds and biodiesel -- Biogas -- Costs -- Ethanol -- The biomass-powered engine that could -- Environmental issues -- Getting wet and wild with hydropower -- A history of hydropower -- Head -- Turbines -- How does a hydropower system work? -- Hydropower applications -- The Francis turbine -- Effects on ecosystems -- Environmental issues -- Wind power -- A history of wind power and windmills -- Wind turbines -- Appropriate wind speeds -- Estimating the power a turbine could produce -- Costs of wind power -- Siting ideal locations for wind turbines -- Offshore wind -- Strengths and weaknesses of wind power -- The potential of wave power -- A history of waves -- How wave energy works -- Types of waves -- Sea states -- Under the sea (state) -- Capturing a wave -- Integrating wave energy into our everyday lives -- The extreme economics of wave energy -- Limiting environmental impact -- Harvesting geothermal energy -- Prospective geothermal energy locations -- Geothermal plants -- Uses for geothermal energy -- Problems with geothermal energy -- High points of geothermal energy -- Case studies.
Subjects: Renewable energy sources.; Renewable energy sources; Energy policy.;
Available copies: 7 / Total copies: 8
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